The Jewish religion is very strong on cleanliness, and ritual cleanliness of people (as well as, for example, food) is very imporant as a result.
The Mikveh is a ritual washing bath used by, amongst others,
Women during their menstruation
Soferim before writing the name of G-d
Men after a seminal emmission
or anyone who has come into contact with a dead body.
A Mikveh must be of running water - the largest Mikveh is the Pacific Ocean - and all parts of the body must be cleaned thoroughly - there are people there to inspect whether or not the whole body has been washed!